Survival Rates for Vaginal Cancer

Survival rates can give you an idea of what percentage of people with the same type and stage of cancer are still alive a certain amount of time (usually 5 years) after they were diagnosed. They can’t tell you how long you will live, but they may help give you a better understanding of how likely it is that your treatment will be successful.

Keep in mind that survival rates are estimates and are often based on previous outcomes of large numbers of people who had a specific cancer, but they can’t predict what will happen in any particular person’s case. These statistics can be confusing and may lead you to have more questions. Ask your doctor how these numbers might apply to you.

What is a 5-year relative survival rate?

A relative survival rate compares women with the same type and stage of vaginal cancer to women in the overall population. For example, if the 5-year relative survival rate for a specific stage of vaginal cancer is 80%, it means that people who have that cancer are, on average, about 80% as likely as people who don’t have that cancer to live for at least 5 years after being diagnosed.

Where do these numbers come from?

The American Cancer Society relies on information from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, maintained by the National Cancer Institute (NCI), to provide survival statistics for different types of cancer.

The SEER database tracks 5-year relative survival rates for vaginal cancer in the United States, based on how far the cancer has spread. The SEER database, however, does not group cancers by FIGO or AJCC TNM stages (stage 1, stage 2, stage 3, etc.). Instead, it groups cancers into localized, regional, and distant stages:

• Localized: The cancer is limited to the vaginal wall.

• Regional: The cancer has spread through the vaginal wall to nearby structures or lymph nodes.

• Distant: The cancer has spread to distant parts of the body such as the lungs, liver, or bones.

5-year relative survival rates for vaginal cancer

(These numbers are based on women diagnosed with vaginal cancer between 2012 and 2018.)

SEER* Stage	5-Year Relative Survival Rate
Localized	69%
Regional	57%
Distant	26%
All SEER stages combined	51%

*SEER= Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results

Understanding the numbers

• These numbers apply only to the stage of the cancer when it is first diagnosed. They do not apply later on if the cancer grows, spreads, or comes back after treatment.
• These numbers don’t take everything into account. Survival rates are grouped based on how far the cancer has spread, but your age, overall health, type of vaginal cancer, how well the cancer responds to treatment, and other factors can also affect your outlook.
• People now being diagnosed with vaginal cancer may have a better outlook than these numbers show. Treatments improve over time, and these numbers are based on people who were diagnosed and treated at least five years earlier.